The surgical diseases occur mostly on the body surface and are easy to be diagnosed. But, each disease is caused by its different pathogenic factor. Due to the different pathogenic factors, the therapeutic principles are also different. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the various pathogenic factors of the surgical diseases carefully, in order to establish the therapeutic plan and enhance the therapeutic effect.

Six Exogenous Pathogenic Factors

The diseases caused by six exogenous pathogenic factors are mostly seasonal. For instance, wind and warmth, and wind and heat are more frequent in the spring. Pathogenic wind is a yang pathogenic factor and constant in motion and rapid in change. Therefore, the onset is swift and mostly belongs to yang syndrome. Wind is characterized by tending to flow upwards and mostly attacks the upper part of the human body, such as carbuncles on the neck and erysipelas on the face and head. The features of the diseases caused by pathogenic wind are superficial tumefaction, pruritus or wandering pain with swift migration. The dermal pathological changes are characterized by dry nature. Or although the supportive fluid discharges, the ulcer heals immediately after it breaks. The anorectal diseases are often manifested by hematochezia, in a gushing discharge and bright red color. Summer heat prevails mostly in the summer. Due to external invasion, summer heat can steam and burn the skin to cause profuse sweating, and leading to disease, or to cause non-smooth perspiration, and leading to heat rash. If scratched repeatedly, the skin breaks and gets infected to produce summer furuncles, and even induce multiple abscess of summer dampness.

If summer heat is mixed with dampness to saturate the skin, it is easy to cause various types of eczema. If pathogenic dampness and heat are accumulated in the anus, it is possible to induce anorectal abscess. Summer heat is a yang pathogenic factor, characterized by pruritus due to slight heat, pain due to excessive heat, and suppuration due to excessive heat. Therefore, the diseases caused by it are mostly yang syndromes, manifested by tumefaction in red color and burning pain, easy suppuration, or erosion, discharge of suppurative fluid, and often accompanied by fever, thirst, stuffy chest and poor appetite. In addition, because of hot weather in the summer, lack of enough sleep and food, the body resistance is relatively weak. Therefore, the incidence of the surgical diseases is far higher in the summer than in other seasons. Pathogenic dryness prevails in the autumn and characterized by dry nature.

If the skin is damaged by it, the exogenous pathogenic factors can take the advantage to invade the human body to cause the surgical diseases, or the dermal and anorectal diseases of rhagas and anal fissure, and often accompanied by general symptoms of dry mouth, dry lips and dry throat. Pathogenic cold prevails in the winter and attacks the human body to cause local stagnation of qi and blood and obstruction of the meridians, resulting in frostbite and gangrene in the fingers and toes. Pathogenic cold is a yin factor and easily damages yang qi of the human body. If tumefaction is caused by it, it is neither red nor heat, and in a diffuse tendency, often accompanied by aversion to cold, cold sensation in the four limbs, and urine in clear and large volume. Mixed with pathogenic summer heat, pathogenic dampness prevails also in the autumn and tends to attack the lower part of the human body, mainly manifested by erosion and discharge of suppurative fluid, and long duration, such as eczema and tineacorporis. Pathogenic fire is often accompanied by pathogenic heat. There is no obvious difference in their natures and causative features. They are only different in their severity. Namely, pathogenic fire is a progress of pathogenic heat and pathogenic fire is a high peak of pathogenic heat.

Specific Toxins

Specific toxins include insect poison, snake poison, rabies poison, drug poison and food poison, etc. In the surgical diseases, dermatitis by insect bite, snakebite and rabies can be caused by insect and animal bites and invasion of specific poisons. Due to constitutional intolerance in some people, exposure to paints can also cause allergic dermatitis. Some foodstuffs can also induce similar diseases.

Traumatic Injury

In the surgical diseases, the open injury of the skin and membrane is an important channel for pathogenic factors to invade the body. The closed injury of the muscles and bones is one of the basic factors for occurrence of multiple abscess and pyogenic infection of bones. Because of the obstruction in the meridians after injury, qi and blood are unable to flow smoothly, leading to stagnation. Moreover, boiling water, flame, ice and snow that harm the human body can cause the diseases of burn and congelation.

Emotional Injury

Prolonged or excessive emotional irritation can cause the dysfunction of Zang-fu organs of the human body. The disturbance of qi activity and dysfunction in ascending and descending ability can cause metabolic disturbance of humor, qi and blood, leading to qi stagnation, phlegm and stagnant blood, and in addition can also cause secretary and metabolic disturbance of latex, resulting in breast abscess, and scrofula. And severe conditions can even in- duce tumors.

Improper Food

Indulgence in greasy and sweet food, alcoholic drinks or spicy food can cause dysfunction of the spleen and stomach and produce pathogenic dampness, heat and fire, which can easily result in abscess, carbuncle and furuncle, etc. The diseases induced internally are relatively severer than those caused simply by external pathogenic factors. Brandy nose and ache in the dermal diseases and hemorrhoids in the anorectal diseases are all related to improper food, excessive intake of alcoholic drinks or spicy and irritating foodstuffs.

Sexual Impairment

Sexual impairment mainly includes the implication in two aspects. On one han